Civil war

April 13 (Part II): The Roots of the Conflict

In the collective memory of Lebanon’s civil war, a specific moment often takes center stage: the deadly attack in Ain el-Remmaneh by Kataeb militiamen on a bus carrying Palestinian Fedayeen. For many observers—whether casual or seasoned—this event is widely viewed as the spark that ignited the Lebanese conflict. But such a narrative may ...

Macron Calls on Lebanon to Exit ‘Wars of Others’ and Build Lasting Peace

On the 50th anniversary of the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War, French President Emmanuel Macron delivered a powerful message on X urging Lebanon to break free from foreign entanglements and focus on building lasting peace. “Fifty years ago, the Lebanese Civil War began. On this solemn anniversary, I pay tribute to all the victims of that ...

Rai on Palm Sunday: 50 Years Since the Civil War, We Must Learn from Past Mistakes

On this Palm Sunday, which coincides with the 50th anniversary since the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War, Maronite Patriarch Bechara Rai recalled the conflict that “tore apart our lives, our childhoods and our youth, and distorted our relationships with one another.” “Lebanon has turned the page on the civil war, and today, it is turning ...

Pope Francis Calls for Peace in Lebanon, 50 Years After the Start of the Civil War

Pope Francis turned his thoughts to Lebanon during Palm Sunday celebrations. Speaking briefly from St. Peter’s Square as he recovers from pneumonia, the Pope issued a powerful appeal for peace across several regions of the world, with a special mention of Lebanon. “Let us also remember Lebanon, where the civil war broke out 50 years ago, so ...

A New Approach to Teaching History: Will Lebanon’s Schools Embrace Multiple Narratives?

In Lebanon, the official history textbook ends with the withdrawal of French troops in 1946, following the country’s independence in 1943. Entire chapters of the country’s modern history remain unaddressed—most notably the 1975–1990 war, which left at least 150,000 dead and 17,000 missing. Even the terminology remains contested: Should it ...

Audi Calls for Unity on Palm Sunday, 50 Years After Civil War Outbreak

On Palm Sunday, which happens to coincide this year with the 50th anniversary of the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War, Greek Orthodox Metropolitan of Beirut Elias Audi prayed “that the Lebanese have learned from the lessons of the past, that the images of war remain etched in their memory to ensure it is never repeated, and that they resolve ...

The Holiday Inn: From Luxury to Battlefield, Beirut’s Forgotten Symbol of War

The Holiday Inn in Beirut, once a symbol of modernity and luxury, now stands as a haunting reminder of Lebanon's civil war. Opened in 1974, the 26-story hotel was a beacon of Beirut's vibrant nightlife and international appeal. However, by 1975, it became a strategic battleground during the Lebanese Civil War. During the “Battle of the ...

Salam on 50th Anniversary of Civil War: Time to Rebuild a State Protected by Its Army

Lebanese Prime Minister Nawaf Salam, who laid a wreath of flowers at the Martyrs’ Monument in central Beirut on the 50th anniversary of the commemoration of the Lebanese Civil War on Sunday, said, “We must learn from the tragedies of the war and it is time to rebuild our state capable of protecting us through its army.” On the occasion, he ...

April 13, 1975: "A Day Engraved in Our Memory"

François Boustani remembers Sunday, April 13, 1975 — the day the Lebanese civil war began — with vivid clarity. “That day is etched in our memory,” recalls the cardiologist, who was in Zahleh, eastern Lebanon, at the time. “The phone rang that afternoon. My parents had friends over for lunch. It was my uncle, calling to warn my father ...

April 13 (1): A Sudden Spark or the Culmination of a Crisis?

Ain el-Remmaneh, Sunday, April 13, 1975. A religious ceremony is held around 10 in the morning, to mark the inauguration of a Melkite church in this working-class suburb of Beirut, a stronghold of Lebanon’s main Christian parties. Several prominent figures are present, including President Camille Chamoun and Kataeb leader Pierre Gemayel. During ...

Hariri on 50th Anniversary of Civil War: To Get Rid of the Militia Mentality

Former Prime Minister Saad Hariri called upon “moving away from the militia mentality to that of a state that accommodates everyone, provided its Constitution is respected, its laws are abided by, its institutions are preserved, and its independence is defended.” His statement comes on the eve of the fiftieth anniversary of the outbreak of ...

War in Syria: 13 Years of Conflict

2011: The winds of the Arab Spring reach Syria. Peaceful protests erupt in Deraa, as the people call for reforms and justice. Bashar al-Assad's regime responds swiftly and brutally. The crackdown is bloody, and anger becomes the driving force of the protesters. The demonstrations spread across the country like wildfire. This marks the beginning of ...