The Codex Rabulensis 1/3

The Codex Rabulensis is the oldest illuminated manuscript with a precisely confirmed date, serving as a critical reference for dating other Christian works that lack colophons indicating their creation. This Syriac Gospel book has crossed over centuries, from the Monastery of Saint John in Beit-Zogba to the Maronite Patriarchate of Ilige, then to ...

The Quest to Turn Hezbollah into a Political Group

After Nazism devastated Germany and Europe, leaving a trail of death across the Mediterranean basin and beyond, the war ended on May 8, 1945, with Nazi Germany’s surrender, followed by Japan’s capitulation on September 2, 1945. In the aftermath of the Allied victory, there was never any consideration of integrating the Axis powers – Nazi ...

Charles Malek (3/3)

During his time in Germany where he trained under Martin Heidegger, Charles Malek immersed himself in German philosophy, particularly its Romantic phase spanning the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He delved into the works of Johann Gottfried von Herder and Johann Gottlieb Fichte, drawing significant insights from both. Herder emphasized the ...

Charles Malek 2/3

After discussing the first three gifts –Mount Lebanon, Lebanon and Christian freedom of worship (as covered in the previous article) – Charles Malek then addressed what had been entrusted to the Maronites, hence mentioning the topics of Bkerke, Rome, liturgy and heritage. Fourth gift: Bkerke Malek explained that the Maronites have been ...

Charles Malek 1/3

Born in 1906 in northern Lebanon, in Bterram (meaning "the elevated village" in Syriac), Charles Malek waged a cultural battle for Lebanon and human rights until his death in 1987. His philosophy was deeply rooted in the values and principles of Christianity, which served as the foundation for his contribution to the drafting of the Universal ...