World War II

What is the Enigma M4 Cipher Machine

The auction of an Enigma M4 cipher machine at Christie's today is more than a landmark for collectors of rare artifacts. It represents a unique intersection of military history, cryptanalysis, and the birth of modern computing. This device is both a weapon of war and a witness to the extraordinary intellectual achievement that unlocked state ...

1945 Revisited: Memory Still at War, 80 Years On

This Thursday, May 8, marks a day of remembrance. Across the globe, heads of state, veterans and institutions will honor the heroes and victims of the Second World War. But behind the wreaths, anthems and solemn speeches lies a deeper truth: memory is not just remembered, it is contested and increasingly weaponized. Eighty years later, the war is ...

Spain Probes Deaths of Thousands of Spaniards in Nazi Camps

Spanish prosecutors on Monday said they were investigating whether General Francisco Franco's dictatorship collaborated with Nazi Germany during World War II to send thousands of exiled Spaniards in France to death camps. Thousands of Spaniards fled to France after Franco's Fascist-backed nationalists overthrew a republic in the 1936-1939 civil ...