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Green juices, intermittent fasting and “cleansing” supplements—detox programs have become central to modern wellness culture. But do they truly “cleanse” the body, or are they simply part of a well-marketed trend? A closer look at this enticing yet controversial phenomenon.
At the beginning of each year, following the indulgences of the holidays, or as summer approaches, the concept of “detox” resurfaces with renewed vigor. Celery juice, detoxifying herbal teas, crash diets and supplements with enticing names all promise a purified and lighter body, prepared to embrace the new season. The premise is simple and appealing: eliminate accumulated toxins, cleanse the body and restore energy and mental clarity. But what is this promise really based on? Is it actually possible to “cleanse” the body the way you’d tidy up an apartment? Or are we simply being enticed by a well-crafted marketing strategy?
The idea of detoxification is hardly a modern invention. In traditional practices such as Ayurvedic, Chinese and naturopathic medicine, the concept of “internal cleansing” has always been fundamental. People would fast, purge or engage in sweat-inducing activities like steam baths to “expel the harmful.” However, since the early 2000s, the idea of detoxification has evolved into something faster and more glamorous. Often endorsed by celebrities, it has moved beyond apothecaries and into mainstream supermarkets—and even Instagram feeds.
Today, no one talks about black bile or balancing bodily humors. Instead, we hear of “toxins,” “heavy metals” and “free radicals.” The language is pseudo-scientific and carefully curated. Our bodies, we’re told, are overwhelmed by pollution, processed foods and stress—and the only escape is a cure, preferably one with a price tag, to reset everything.
Detox Organs Do Exist… But They Aren’t for Sale
First and foremost, it’s important to acknowledge that our bodies are naturally equipped to detoxify themselves. The liver, kidneys, intestines, lungs and skin work together as a highly efficient system to filter, metabolize and eliminate waste and toxic substances. This, of course, only works if these organs are functioning properly.
According to the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), the liver plays a crucial role in processing potentially toxic substances, making them water-soluble so they can be eliminated via urine or feces. It doesn’t require “cleansing” with miracle juices or powders, what it needs is rest, proper nutrition and a balanced lifestyle. Therefore, a “detox” only holds value if it translates into eliminating excesses and embracing a healthier lifestyle. But in this context, it’s not really about a one-time “cleaning,” it’s rather about making long-term, sustainable improvements to our health.
The success of detox programs is largely driven by their reassuring and ritualistic nature. Consuming cold-pressed juices for several days or following an intermittent fasting routine gives participants the feeling of regaining control over their bodies, taking a well-deserved break. This psychological effect is powerful and, in some cases, there can even be a genuine placebo effect at play.
Numerous studies, such as one published in the Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics (2015), have concluded that there is no substantial scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of detox products or diets. However, some individuals report feeling better after a detox, often due to temporary changes like cutting out alcohol, sugar and ultra-processed foods, as well as improving hydration.
This is where the ambiguity of the term “detox” lies. It suggests a targeted, almost magical action, as if a specific food or substance could “cleanse” our bodies. In reality, the true benefit comes from ceasing to introduce harmful substances into our system. It’s akin to praising a vacuum cleaner for cleaning a room when, in fact, the only reason it’s clean is that we’ve stopped making a mess.
Guilt Marketing
One of the most powerful driving forces behind the success of the detox industry is guilt. Guilt over overeating, skipping workouts or not feeling “clean” enough. Detox programs tap into a moralized view of the body: it must be light, pure and worthy. Social media and wellness influencers amplify this message with hashtags like #CleanEating and #HealthyVibesOnly.
A 2018 sociological study published in Social Science & Medicine examined how detox marketing leverages this guilt, framing the body as either “toxic” or “purified.” This black-and-white view reinforces unrealistic standards of thinness, discipline and control—often leading to food anxiety and, in more severe cases, eating disorders.
What’s more, many detox practices—though marketed as gentle self-care—can actually be harmful. Fasting without medical supervision, extreme mono-diets (eating only grapes or rice for days) or repeated laxative use can result in nutritional deficiencies, digestive problems or dangerous imbalances. The French National Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES) has issued warnings, stating that such restrictive diets lack proven long-term benefits and can pose serious health risks. The body doesn’t need shock treatments, it needs balance.
Equally concerning is the tendency to blame vague “toxins” for every health issue. Fatigue, headaches or digestive troubles may point to real underlying conditions that require medical attention, not just lemon water and ginger shots.
So, should detoxing be dismissed entirely? Not necessarily. When practiced mindfully, as part of a broader, moderate wellness routine, it can help people reconnect with their bodies. But let’s be clear: true well-being is not about “purifying” ourselves. It’s about consistent care.
Eating more fruits and vegetables, drinking water, reducing alcohol, sleeping better and moving regularly, this is the real “detox.” It’s accessible, sustainable and free. After all, the human body isn’t a clogged machine in need of an occasional flush. It’s a resilient, intelligent system that thrives on balance, not miracle cures and frustration.
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